Carnatic Ragas

Raga List

Carnatic Scale - DHENUKA (C)

C
 - 
C#
 - 
D#
 - 
F
 - 
G
 - 
G#
 - 
B
 - 
C
Sa
-
RI1
-
Ga2
-
Ma1
-
Pa
-
Dha1
-
Ni3
-
Sa
Dhenuka
Dhenuka is a pure and simple raga that is one among the many morning ragas but rarely heard in concerts. It evokes a feeling of devotion especially as it is sung in the early hours of dawn. Being the 9th raga in the Melakarta system of Carnatic music, it goes without saying that it is a sampoorna raga with all the seven notes.
Arohana: S R1 G2 M1 P D1 N3 S
Avarohana: S N3 D1 P M1 G2 R1 S
The notes of this raga are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panjamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kakali nishadham. Dhenuka is the third raga in the Netra chakra and its mnemonic name is Netra-Go. It is known as Dhunibinnashadjam in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Changing the shuddha madhyamam to prati madhyamam yields the 45th Melakarta raga, Shubhapantuvarali. Note that the notes used in the scales of Dhunibinnashadjam are same as that of Dhenuka. There are two ragachaya swaras in Dhenuka, namely, Ni and Ga. This raga is special in that all the swaras are sung with gamaka prayogas.
Dhenuka has very few janya ragas including Mohananata. Some of the well known compositions in this raga are Theyilaledu by Thyagaraja, Karunaikadale by Kodeeswara Iyer and Ravanijaramayya by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna. This mela is mentioned in the book Chathurdandiprakashika in the name Bhinnashadjam.
When shifted using Graha bhedam, Dhenuka’s notes give the ragas Chitrambari, Shanmukhapriya and Shoolini. Though there are quite a few tamil movie songs in Dhenuka raga, sadly there is only one Malayalam movie song we could find which is Swanthamenna Padathinenthartham from the movie Mohiniyattam.
List of Tamil songs in Dhenuka
Aattuviththaal Yaaroruvar (Film Avanthan Manidhan)
Yen Soga Kadhaiye (Film Thooral Ninnu Pochchu)
Roja Poonthotam (Film Kannukkul Nilavu)
Kadhal Ragamum (Film Indiran Chandiran)
Malligai Poo Kathilile (Film Enne Petha Raasa)
Raathiri Neram Railadi Oram (Film Bramma)
 
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